Service Design

Service Design

Service Design

Reuse Ecosystem

Reuse Ecosystem

Reuse Ecosystem

Holistic model for activating a reuse platform

Overview

Overview

Overview

Establishing a circular reuse network through engaging business, satisfying the needs of our community members and reducing waste.

Approach

Approach

Approach

Roles: Secondary research, user research, interviews, user testing, pilot program as a non-profit start-up

Timeline

Timeline

Timeline

October 22 - July 23

Project done in collaboration with Caroline Bussick and The Remake Project.

The Maker Movement Research

"The steady growth of makerspaces to decentralized production enables access to new and previously unknown technologies for diverse users and thus equally promotes the social-ecological change in society. First, such facilities offer a physical space where ideas and innovations can be realized as prototypes or in small series. Secondly, they are also considered social spaces where people come together, exchange ideas, work collaboratively, and learn. Therefore, in theory the maker scene has great potential for sustainable development especially in the educational and awareness raising context."

The maker movement promotes:

Exploration

Creative Thinking & Problem Solving

Community

Potential for sustainable development

however…

It has been shown that makers certainly have an awareness of the need for sustainable development, however, this is not reflected in their actual making practices. Rather, makerspaces are characterized by high consumption of resources. A fundamental aspect here is the self-image of makers, in which sustainability plays a subordinate role.

Usual Pysical Design Process

Prototyping is an essential part of the design process, however, it creates a lot of waste.

How can we promote a circular maker movement while reducing waste?

Creative Reuse and Upcycling

Back from the pre-industrial eras, upcycling and reusing has been around mainly due to scarcity and inaccessibility to products. People used to sew or mend their clothes and build their own furniture. With industrialization and globalization, we have lost the need to do so and through consumerism, these skills started disappearing.


With sustainability of consumerism becoming an alarming problem, as well as many other socio-economic reasons, people have started questioning the current system, makerspaces started democratizing and enabling access to manufacturing tools, accessibility to materials made production possible again for small scale enthusiasts.


This included upcycling, one the preferred ways to reuse materials and products, before going through the recycling process which is not exactly a reliable solution to our waste problem today.


There are two different types of upcycling:


  • the crafty non-commercialized version

  • the designer approach

Crafty Upcycling

This type of upcycling is great for coming up with quick fixes around the house instead of buying new, and promotes creative thinking while reducing waste.


While this is great, it's not necessarily scalable given the solutions are very personalized.


Materials that are used in this type of upcycling is usually found either in the home or thrift stores. It could be taken to the next level via utilizing harder-to-manipulate materials which is what designers are trained to do.


Designer Upcycling

This type of upcycling requires access to bulk materials and basic level of design/craft knowledge in order to ideate and create a design.


Quite a few designers have implemented this design principle, but their story usually starts with "after seeing the amount of waste" or "collected x amount of leftover material".


In order to create a design from leftover tires, the designer needs access to enough tires to experiment, as well as enough space to store the tires.


This shows us that upcycling design is possible, however, limited to the capacity of the designer having access to a sufficient amount of this materials and space to store them.

Resources that support designer upcycling

While there are plenty of resources for crafty upcycling, there is a big market gap when we get into more industrial materials. Through the interviews I had with makers that work with reuse materials, they said that they find their materials either through word of mouth or coincidence.

How can we support existing efforts for crafty and designer upcycling?

There is plenty of waste to upcycle

This said waste is also how designers create upcycled designs, they run into one of these streams and are able to intake it.


The problem is, there is 7.4 billion tons of manufacturing waste per year simply in the United States according to EPA. We have more waste than people, hence, we need to establish a system where upcycling can be accesible and more than a happenstance.

Lean Manufacturing Waste

Lean Manufacturing Waste Causes

Materials we had access to at Remake Project

Through speaking with local manufacturers, we acquired a sample amount of materials that had to be thrown away due to cancelled orders, errors in production and surplus materials etc.


Some manufacturers reached out to us personally expressing their concern about how they have to throw away tons of products and that there were no recycling facilities that would take their waste.

Polyester Banners

Vinyl Banners

Corrugated Plastic Signs

Injection Molding Caps

Current Solutions

With the increasing accessibility of craft materials, just like clothing and home goods, "Art Thrift Stores" started emerging. These spaces run off of individual donations of used craft materials and resell them for cheaper in order to continue its lifetime and support crafters with cheap and sustainable supplies.

Resources that support upcycling

Mostly post-consumer

Limited online presence

Inconsistent inventory

Pain Points

There was an obvious gap between the available resources and what we had access to at Remake Project.

Unfortunately, there is a lot more to the "waste" that was being displayed at these stores. Therefore, we saw the potential development for this market.

Key Findings

Establishing a marketplace that serves both users
Broader material selection based on user needs and industry waste

Improvement areas

Mostly post-consumer

Limited online presence

Inconsistent inventory

Pain Points

There was an obvious gap between the available resources and what we had access to at Remake Project.

Unfortunately, there is a lot more to the "waste" that was being displayed at these stores. Therefore, we saw the potential development for this market.

There was an obvious gap between the available resources and what we had access to at Remake Project.

Unfortunately, there is a lot more to the "waste" that was being displayed at these stores. Therefore, we saw the potential development for this market.

Key Findings

Establishing a marketplace that serves both users
Broader material selection based on user needs and industry waste

Establishing a marketplace that serves both users
broader material selection based on user needs and industry waste.

Improvement areas

Proposed System

After seeing the amount of waste and the potential these materials have, I proposed an alternative system where instead of capitalizing on a stream of waste to produce products, we could engage more people through providing and exposing this unseen resource as a targeted sourcing service for makers and small businesses as well as promoting making skills through implementing remake projects into non-profit needs.

User Research
Identifying Needs

Manufacturers

Storage - Web Platform

Makers

Waste Collection

Reaching out to
manufacturers

First Pilot

Through this proposed system, I was able iterate and create a jewelry line made from unused cables and various similar materials. We later composed this into workshops to educate and inspire people to create upcycled goods and show them the potential of these materials.

Testing Further

To test our hypothesis and expand our trial, we started hosting open creative hours to see if people were engaging with the materials in the same way I did.

Open House for Crafting

Enabling access to free materials encouraged making and experimentation due to it's low risk factor.

Creating separete operations causes friction due to discoverability as well as resource management, and operations.

Most people need inpiration/examples (ie. Pinterest) to start a craft or project, since creative thinking is a learned skill.

Learnings

Our learnings led us to meet the makers where they are, serving existing makerspaces with free materials.

Open House for Materials

During our open houses, we were able to serve local artists and design students who were working on a school project or their own personal projects.

User Research
Identifying Needs

Manufacturers

Storage - Web Platform

People shopping

Makers

Waste Collection

Reaching out to
manufacturers

First Pilot

Through this proposed system, I was able iterate and create a jewelry line made from unused cables and various similar materials. We later composed this into workshops to educate and inspire people to create upcycled goods and show them the potential of these materials.

Testing Further

To test our hypothesis and expand our trial, we started hosting open creative hours to see if people were engaging with the materials in the same way I did.

Open House for Crafting

Open House for Materials

During our open houses, we were able to serve local artists and design students who were working on a school project or their own personal projects. This was a concept validation for us, but we still had to validate the concept with other target users to really understand what their expectations and needs are.

Enabling access to free materials encouraged making and experimentation due to it's low risk factor.

Creating separate operations causes friction due to discoverability as well as resource management, and operations.

Most people need inspiration/examples (ex. Pinterest) to start a craft or project, since creative thinking is a learned skill.

Learnings

Concept Validation

This was a concept validation for us, but we still had to validate the concept with other target users to really understand what their expectations and needs are.


Our original target audiences after our first concept validation:

Makers / Makerspaces

Students

Small Business Owners

Material categories are extremely vast and not an easy standard procedure to pin down to certain ones to serve individual needs.

Repeatability and the quality of the material is important for small business owners.

Small business owners tend to look for very specific materials that might be out of our scope.

People search for materials by asking “what is the best material for”

Insights

After interviewing users from above groups, we realized that the original targets were mainly focused on individual needs and requests, which made it a lot harder to pinpoint common materials and needs by makers.


This led us to revise our target audiences from capital oriented businesses to serve the community through teaching focused non-profit organizations and makerspaces that serve schools.

Arts Organizations

Community teaching

organizations

(Non-profits)

School Makerspaces

Students

Community Theatres

Community Makerspaces

Casual Makers

Professional Makers

Out of scope after validation

Forming Connections

From our observations, we learned that makers with an idea or project in mind have a great time with our trial service, however, they did not cover the majority of makers. There were others who:

People who want to create things, but don't have the skills + the tools

People who create things, but don't have a stable output

In the beginning, we thought we could give the makers the tools and create projects to teach them the skills to increase the number using waste materials. Soon enough, we realized that our capacity as a non-profit start-up was not enough and we weren't ready to make such investment.


Realizing this made us think further our system and understand the importance of collaboration in order to optimize and facilitate growth while testing in the existing market rather than reinventing the wheel.


Moving forward, we started reaching out to local businesses like makerspaces and philantrophic organizations and talking to them about their needs and existing projects they are providing to the community.

Manufacturing Waste

Warehouse collection

Online platform

Makers

Volunteers

Inspire Makers

Community needs

I'm currently updating this project, come back soon for more!

Iset Celik

isetcelik@gmail.com